Instalasi VSFTPD pada Ubuntu Server 11.10


A. Tentang FTP
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) adalah sebuah protokol Internet yang berjalan di dalam lapisan aplikasi yang merupakan standar untuk pengiriman berkas (file) komputer antar mesin-mesin dalam sebuah Antarjaringan (Wikipedia). Salah satu ftp daemon yang biasa dipakai pada mesin berbasiskan UNIX adalah VSFTPD (very secure ftp daemon).
B. Tahapan Instalasi
Sebelum melakukan instalasi, pastikan server sudah terhubung ke internet dan user berada pada level super user/root. Instal vsftpd dengan perintah apt-get install vsftpd, apabila muncul konfirmasi instalasi jawab y untuk melanjutkan dan tunggu hingga instalasi selesai.
install
Service vsftpd dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan perintah /etc/init.d/vsftpd status. Untuk menjalankan servicenya menggunakan perintah /etc/init.d/vsftpd start, sementara untuk menonaktifkan service vsftpd digunakan perintah /etc/init.d/vsftpd stop. selain itu, untuk merestart service vsftpd digunakan perintah /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart.
service
Selanjutnya petakan direktori untuk masing-masing user yang akan mengakases layanan ftp. misal akan membuat user saptono yang akan mengakses folder saptono yang berada dibawah direktori /home. Buat direktori/folder dengan perintah mkdir /home/saptono. Cek pada direkotri /home apakah folder saptono sudah berhasil dibuat dengan perintah ls /home/, apabila belum ada berarti pembuatan direktori/folder saptono belum berhasil.
direktori
Buat user saptono yang dipetakan ke direktori /home/saptono dengan perintah useradd -d /home/saptono saptono
peta
Beri password pada user saptono dengan perintah passwd saptono, kemudian masukan password untuk user saptono. Password baru akan diminta sebanya dua kali untuk memastikan bahwa password yang dimasukan sama. Apabila password sudah dimasukan pastikan proses berhasil dengan sukses dan tidak terjadi error. Perhatikan dan baca secara teliti setiap pesan yang muncul pada masing-masing proses.
password
Beri hak akses untuk user dengan perintah chown saptono /home/saptono
akses user
Beri hak akses pada direktori /home/saptono dengan perintah chmod 775 -R /home/saptono. Agar diperhatikan bahwa penggunaan huruf kapital serta spasi memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda.
akses direktori
pada direktori /home/saptono buat file dengan nama yang anda inginkan untuk menandai folder tersebut. misal membuat file saptono.txt dengan perintah pico /home/saptono/saptono.txt kemudian isi dengan tulisan apa saja kemudian simpan. Masuk ke direktori /home/saptono dengan perintah cd /home/saptono dan periksa isi folder dengan perintah ls. Contoh hasil file yang dibuat:
isi saptono
File konfigurasi vsftpd berada pada /etc/vsftpd.conf, rubah konfigurasi yang ada pada file tersebut dengan menggunakan text editor pico dengan perintah pico /etc/vsftpd.conf. Perhatikan pada bagian yang bercetak tebal, lakukan perubahan yang diperlukan kemudian simpan.
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd’s
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware – allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd’s)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages – messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using “root” for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command “SIZE /big/file” in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Server ftp gue
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the “-R” option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as “ncftp” and “mirror” assume
# the presence of the “-R” option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd’s settings don’t fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default. These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
Apabila perubahan sudah disimpan, restart service vsftpd dan pastikan tidak ada error, kemudian tes akses ftp dengan menggunakan aplikasi ftp client filezilla. Bagian host diisi dengan ip server, masukan username dan password yang dibuat untuk masing-masing user ftp kemudian pilih quickconnect dan pastikan tidak ada error.
filezilla

Log vsftpd tersimpan pada direktori /var/log/vsftpd.log untuk melihatnya dapat menggunakan perintah tail -f /var/log/vsftpd.log
log ftp